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Cosa (Roman colony)
Cosa was a Latin colony founded along the Tyrrhenian coast to solidify the control of the Romans and offer the Republic a protected port.〔Rose, Mark. "Portus Cosanus." Archaeology. Archaeological Institute of America, 19 Feb. 2003. Web. 9 June 2014.〕 the 3rd century BC marked a period of expansion for the Roman Republic. Cosa, located near modern-day Tuscany, came under Roman control in 273 BC after Rome took the territory from the Etruscans.〔Livy. "Periochae 11-15." Livy: The Periochae of Books 11-15. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 June 2014.〕 The settlement transformed over time from a colony to a large maritime export center. According to Livy, following its foundation the colony was affected by the wars of the 3rd century BC and received an influx of new colonists in the early 2nd century BC, but was eventually abandoned by the 1st century BC. Various excavations on the site reveal that, after its sacking and abandonment, Cosa was reestablished under Augustus. The site was again abandoned by the 5th century AD, according to Rutilius Claudius Namatianus,〔Duff, J. Wright and Arnold M. Duff. "Rutilius Namatianus: De Reditu Suo." Lacus Curtius Rutilius Namatianus. University of Chicago, n.d. Web. 03 June 2014〕 but had seasonal occupation as late as the 18th and 19th centuries AD by farmers and herdsmen.〔Bruno, Vincent J., and Russell T. Scott. "Cosa IV: The Houses." Jstor.com. Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, 1993. Web. 3 June 2014.〕
==Housing==
The site at Cosa has proved to be an extremely valuable source of evidence for colonial architecture during the Republican period, even though many of the houses at Cosa remain unexcavated. Although the large blocks of housing, such as the East and West Blocks excavated by Russell T. Scott, are sized and planned like the many houses of the Roman Republican period (i.e. the housing of Pompeii), the larger houses located near the forum give us insight as to the complex nature of housing in Cosa. Furthermore, the excavations of the houses show us how the colony developed over time.
According to various excavations of the colony, there were two different types of houses at Cosa: large houses located next to the forum, like the House of Diana and the SUNY house; and Pompeian style, smaller houses located in housing sections like the West and East blocks, excavated by Russel T. Scott.
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